Famous Writers

Mark Twain is one of the most famous American authors. He wrote many books, including "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer". Mark Twain's own life was interesting enough to be a book. In 1864 he went to California to find gold. Twain did not have much luck as a gold miner. He left California to travel in Europe. But the most important influence on Twain and his books especially "Life on the Mississippi" was made by the Mississippi River.

Charlotte Bronte is a famous English writer. She grew up in a poor family and lived in a very hard condition. Charlotte studied in a school for poor children with her two sisters. Children were often hungry and ill in that school. Her sisters died and later Charlotte described the school life in her novel "Jane Eyre". She wrote other poems and novels. She died very young- at the age of 38.

Alexander Pushkin was one of the greatest Russian poets, playwrights,  and novelists of the Romantic era. Pushkin is considered to be the founder of modern Russian literature. He published his first poem at the age of fifteen, and was widely recognized by the literary establishment. Pushkin wrote his most famous play,  the drama "Boris Godunov". Most of his works are masterpieces. Pushkin is also known for his short stories.

global warming

If you want to know what the weather's going to be like this weekend,  ask a weatherman. If you want to know what it'll be like in 100 years,  ask a scientist. The most important influence on the weather of the future is likely to be global warming. Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the next century. Here's what we know about global warming. Since the Industrial Age the concentration of the so - called greenhouse gases -carbon dioxide,  methane and others in the atmosphere has risen about 30 percent. One opinion is that these tendencies are connected with industrial and transportation emissions that increased carbon dioxide,  trapping more heat in the atmosphere and raising temperatures. Another opinion is that the small temperature rise is a natural climatic variation. Scientists say that the next hundred years the earth will heat up further. In 1995 hundreds of scientists from around the world predicted a rise of anywhere between 1.8 and 6.3 degrees by 2100. But some regions will become warmer and others,  especially northern continents will become much warmer. The USA is facing a temperature rise of 5 to 10 degrees. We don't know what the effects of global warming might be. 
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Pollution

"Water, water everywhere,  but no drop to drink, " said the sailor from Coleridge's poem describing to a friend how awful it was to be without drinking water on a ship in the middle of the ocean. It is strange to think that the water around his ship was probably quite safe to drink. It was salty - but not polluted. Sea water today is much more dangerous. There is no ocean or sea which is not used as a dump. The Pacific Ocean, especially, has suffered from nuclear pollution, because the French Government tests nuclear weapons there. Many seas are used for dumping industrial and nuclear waste. Britain alone dumps 250.000 tons of industrial waste straight into the North Sea. This poisons and kills fish and other sea animals. "Nuclear -poisoned" food should be prohibited by us. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned, too. Fish and reptiles can't live in them. There isn't enough oxygen in water. In such places all the birds leave their habitats and many plants die. It happens so, because factories and plants produce a lot of waste and pour it into rivers. So they poison water. The process of removing salt from ocean water. 
Thank you. 

Ernest Hemingway

Ernest Hemingway, a reporter, a brilliant short story writer, a novelist,  one of the 20th century greatest American writers was born in the State of Illinois, on July 21, 1899. He was an amateur boxer, a deep-sea fisherman, a hunter and a brave war correspondent. His parents wanted  him to become a doctor like his father, or a musician like his mother, but after graduating from high school,  Hemingway began his writing career as a sports reporter for the newspaper "The Kansas City Star". 
When the United States entered World War One, Hemingway left his job as a sports reporter and joined the army. He worked as an ambulance driver with the Red Cross in Italy. He gained valuable life experience from the war and from the hospital in Milan where he had to spend several weeks. Hemingway's war experience and adventurous life provided the background for his many novels and short stories. 
Hemingway's first major success was the publication of his famous novel  "The Sun Also Rises" in 1926 . This was followed by a collection of short stories in 1927, and then another big novel "A Farewell to Arms" , the love story between an American lieutenant and  an English nurse during World War One. At that time Hemingway lived in Florida, the USA, but he made many trips to Africa to hunt wild animals. Some of his best short stories, written in the mid- 30s, were inspired by what he remembered of this exciting experience. 

LOVE NATURE, FEAR POLLUTION!

An Australian sailor, Ian Kiernan, competed in a  round-the world sailing race a few years ago. He was so shocked and angry about the huge amount of rubbish that was polluting the world's oceans that he decided to do something about it. Back home in Sydney, he organized Clean Up Sydney Harbour Day. Over 40.000 volunteers cleared away old cars, bottles and all kinds of plastic. It was so successful that he started Clean Up Australia and then, in 1993, the Clean Up the World (CUW) project was born. The organization's main annual event is Clean Up the World Weekend in September. During the weekend, over 600 groups from every continent clear waste from streets, beaches, river banks and parks. A lot of people in about 120 countries now participate in the project and many volunteers continue their actions all year round doing things like collecting and recycling waste,  planting trees and organizing exhibitions, competitions and educating events. If you want to organize a CUW project in your community, go to "Join" on the website and also read about other people's actions. During the year, over 400 groups from every continent clear waste from streets, beaches, river banks and parks. 

Natali du Toit

Natali du Toit, the South African
swimmer,was only seventeen when
she lost her leg in a road
accident.She was going to a
training sessions on her motorbike
when a car hit her.Her leg had to
be amputated at the knee .But
Natalie was determined to carry on.
She went back into the pool only
three months after the accident.
And just one year later, at the
Commonwealth Games in Manchester,
she swam 800 metres in 9 minutes
11.38 seconds and qualified for
the final,but not for disabled
swimmers,able-bodied ones!
Although she didn't win a medal,
she still made history."I remember
how thrilled I was the first time
that I swam after recovering from
the operation- it felt like my
leg was there.It still does,"says
Natalie."The water is the gift
that gives me back my leg.
I'm still the same person that I
was before the accident.I believe
everything happens in life for a
reason .You can't go back and
change anything.Swimming is my
life."
In spite of her deafness and
blindness Helen's great will
turned into great achievement.
Helen Keller devoted herself to
raising the awareness of
handicapped people throughout
the world.She said,"Don't think
of today's failures,think of
the success that may come to
you tomorrow!"

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Franklin Roosevelt

Franklin Roosevelt was a lucky young boy. He had wealthy parents . He was taught that wealthy people should help those who were not lucky. When Franklin grew up, he decided the run for public office. He was elected to the New York State Senate. A few years later, President Wilson asked Franklin to come to Washington and help him. Franklin's life was very successful. One day Franklin went on a vacation with his wife Eleanor. They went sailing and swimming. He caught a cold and some time later Franklin discovered that he couldn't move his legs. He had polio and would never walk again. Everyone thought Franklin's career was over.  They said he would never be able to stand up and make a speech again. They were wrong. Franklin Roosevelt did stand! He worked hard to make his arms strong enough to support his whole body. Soon, he was elected Governor of New York. Then only eleven years after he became ill, Roosevelt was elected President of the US. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the US.
Once there lived a milkman who sold milk in the town. He had to cross the river to reach the city. One day the milkman made his mind to mix water from the river into the milk. He wanted to earn more money and he did so.